Ponents: a processor, memory, audio and video devices, and some simple I/O peripherals. The FPGA programming file that implements this system, as well as its design source files, can be obtained from the University Program section of Altera’s web site. 2DE1 Media Computer Contents A block diagram of the DE1 Media Computer is shown in Figure1. USB Cable for FPGA programming and control. Manual, the Control Panel utility, reference designs and demonstrations, device. Email: university@altera.com. LEDs, talk to the PS/2 keyboard, read/write the SRAM, Flash Memory. This design example consist.
Page Last Updated 19/10/2007 07:23 PM
3.1 B3-Spartan2+ Board4. FPGA Design Tools:
3.2 Notes on modifying the B3-SRAM module
3.3 B5-X300-Spartan2e Board
3.4 ICST525-01 PLL Clock divider
3.5 Spartan 3 Starter Board
3.6 Spartan 3E Starter Board
3.7 XESS XSA-3S1000
3.8 Memec Design / Avnet V4FX12LC
4.1 Xilinx Web Pack ISE:5. FPGA Projects for the B3 & B5-X300:
4.2 Altera Quartus:
5.1 System16 - My Initial VHDL CPU Project6. Altera Wishbone Compliant System6801 - By Michael Hasenfratz
5.2 Memio.zip Memory I/O Tool
5.3 Micro8 - A very simple microprocessor
5.4 Micro8a - Adding a Stack
5.5 Micro16 - Very Basic 16 bit machine
5.6 Micro16 - Processing Array
5.7 Motorola 8 bit CPUs
5.8 System01 - 6801 - Working (Incomplete I/O)
5.9 System68 - 6800 - Working
5.10 System05 - 6805 - Work in Progress
5.11 System11 - 68HC11 - Partly Working
5.12 System09 - 6809 SOC - Runs KBug9 with VDU
VHDL-online - by Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfram H. Glauert, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
VHDL Introductory Tutorial - Green Mountain Computing Systems Inc.
Tutorial: Learn by Example - by Weijun Zhang, University of California Riversdale
VHDL Tutorial - Jan Van der Spiegel, University of Pennsylvania
VHDL Cookbook (pdf) - by Peter J. Ashenden - Dept. Computer Science, University of Adelaide South Australia.
A VHDL Tutorial - by Syed Yawar Ali Shah, Concordia University, Montreal.
VHDL Handbook - HARDI Electronics
Heaps of books can be found on Amazon, by using the key words 'VHDL', 'FPGA' and 'XILINX'.
The Xilinx Spartan 3 starter board, made by Digilent Inc uses a XC3S200 200K gate device. It has 1MByte of SRAM arranged as 256K x 32 bits. It features VGA connector, RS232 connector, PS/2 Keyboard Connector, Push Buttons, Switches, individual LEDs as well as 4 x 7 segment LED displays. It has 3 x 40 pin expansion connectors for adding on peripheral boards from Digilent. It also has serial flash for storing your FPGA configuration.
The only real draw back with this board is that there is no program flash memory for mass storage, and there are only 3 bits for the VGA output which means only 8 colours.
I have implemented System09 on this board and it only just fits. For US$99 it is not a bad buy. You can get a XC3S1000 version of the board from Digilent for US$149 if you need more logic.
The Xilinx Spartan 3E starter board, also made by Digilent Inc uses a XC3S500E FPGA. It has a heap of features, such as Flash Memory, DDR SDRAM, LCD display, ADCs, DACs, RS232, VGA, Ethernet Phy and much more. It has a number of 6 pin headers for adding small 4 bit modules, as well as a Hirose 100 pin FX2 connector, which can be used for such things as the VDEC-1 Video digitizer which I have purchased.
The limitation of the Spartan 3E start board is that there is no SRAM, which means you need a DDR-SDRAM controller core to use it unless you are using EDK. Also, like the Spartan 3 starter board, the VGA connector only has 3 bits connected to it which means there are only 8 colours which limits it's use in displaying digitized images.
This board was given to me as part of a project to validate my 6809 design. Rather than attempting to develop a DDR-SDRAM controller I simply used the internal Block RAM to implement 32KBytes of RAM and an 8KByte Program ROM.
The XSA-3S1000 board from XESS, as the name implies, uses a XC3S1000, 1 million gate Spartan 3 chip. It has a 9 bit (512 colour) VGA output connector as well as a PS/2 keyboard or mouse connector. It has 32MBytes of SDRAM and 4MBits (?) of Flash. The Flash memory is bank selectable and doubles as a FPGA configuration and program code store.
XESS use a CPLD to act as a download controller which connects to the printer port of your computer. They have a rather clever method of downloading FPGA configuration, Flash Program Code, or SDRAM Code. They offer SDRAM controller IP so that your applications can access the SDRAM.
The other good feature of this board is the large number of header pin outs. The board is actually designed to plug into an optional carrier board, but can be used to interface to your own carrier.
The board was purchased so a group of internet friends could develop a PDP-8 project. The large number of uncommitted I/O pins made the board ideal to interface to switch banks and LED display panels as well as other PDP-8 bus devices.
The Memec Design V4FX12LC board uses the Virtex 4 FX12 FPGA which includes a 200MHz Power PC 405 processor in addition to about 500Kgates of programmable logic. This board was purchased for me by work with the idea of doing GPS receiver signal processing. It was bundled with EDK7.1 and BaseX ISE 7.1 as part of the XFest training course offered by Memec in Australia in 2005.
The board features 64MBytes of 16 bit DDR-SDRAM as well as flash memory, push buttons and an LCD display. The V4FX12LC board is really intended for use with EDK. Monta Vista provide a version of Linux for the ML302 (?) board which also runs on the V4FX12LC board. It is only a demo version, so you have to pay $s if you want to do any Linux development with it. Also Monta Vista Linux is designed to run with a soft-core Ethernet controller and does not use either of the two Ethernet controllers built into the V4FX12LC. The Ethernet soft-cores are time limited unless you purchase them I believe.
Memec were taken over by Avnet in 2005/6, but I believe Avnet are still offering the P160 add on modules for this board. The Communications 3 module offers SRAM, VGA and PS/2 interfaces, ADCs and DACs as well as communications interfaces. The ADCs and DACs are only useful for audio frequencies however. There is also high speed data acquisition module for a few hundred dollars which work up into the 10s of Msps range.
You can buy a number of commercial cores such as Floating Point Units for the PPC405 for the Virtex 4 but they cost big bucks and are too expensive for non commercial use. Webpack 8.1 and onwards does include Coregen that includes FPUs, FFTs and so on but I'm not sure however if these cores are designed to interface with the PPC405 on the Virtex 4.
It would be nice to use the V4FX12LC for a software radio:
The Web Pack ISE design software is available free from Xilinx. It is in the order of 100 Megabytes or more so you need a fast cable or ADSL connection if you want to download it via the internet. Alternatively you might want to send off for a CD from Xilinx. Note that Web Pack 5.1i and onwards only works on Windows 2000 and Windows XP. You need to use the older 4.2 version if you are using using Windows 98. As of August 2004 Legacy versions of the Web Pack software where still available on the Xilinx web site.
I've zipped up the working directory produced by Web Pack ISE (Including the User Constraint File) and put them on the web for others to play with. The Xilinx WebPack ISE software is constantly being updated, so some of the project files on this web site may be out of date. WebPack ISE should update the project file, but if it is too old, then you may need to rebuild it for your version.
Altera's Quartus software is another way to go. I don't have much experience with the Quartus tools although many people swear by them. The book 'VHDL' By Douglas Perry which I bought as an introduction to VHDL was based on the Altera software. I did download Quartus once but couldn't work out how to use it. Some people say Quartus is easier to use than the Xilinx software, but I can't say I found that. It probably depends on what you are used to, just like the Intel / Motorola CPU designs of the 70s and 80s.
System16 is only a paper design and grew out of my desire to learn VHDL and get a complete processor working on the Burch board. As mentioned, the B3 board did not have individual byte read/write control lines for the upper and lower bytes of RAM, so I decided to make the CPU purely 16 bit and leave upper and lower byte masking to the software [this has changed a little in the evolution of the design]. System16 is a combination of a 6809 design and a mini 68000, in terms of the number of registers, addressing mode terminology and bit operators. I have put a description of System16 up on the web for general interest. I hope to provide a C++ simulator and an assembler and monitor program for it as future projects.
Memio is a state sequencer for examining and modifying RAM on the B3-Spartan2+ board. It was developed with the standard WebPackISE 4.2 VHDL tools so you should have no problems getting it to work on that system. It uses a highly hacked version of MiniUart by Ovidiu Lupas from www.opencores.org
Memio assumes you have the B3-FPGA-CPU-IO card connected to connector J3 and the B3-SRAM card connected to J6 and J9. The current clock divider for the UART assumes a 4.915254 MHz clock for 9600bps serial I/O, which gives a nice round division factor for the clock divider.
M <address> | Examine memory location |
<space bar> <data> | Write 16 bit hexadecimal value |
N | Display Next memory location |
P | Display Previous memory location |
For simplicity only the first 64Kwords of SRAM are used (128Kbytes). Address line A16 is grounded. Data words are 16 bits wide. Command keys and hexadecimal values must be all uppercase (although that could easily be changed). All input characters are echoed back out the UART. This is because I could not get Hyperterm to echo characters locally under windows98 SE.
Micro8 started of as a minimal set 4 instruction computer By Tim Boscke designed to fit in a 32 Macrocell CPLD. Only the comments on the top of the listing and the file name remain the same :-) Tim's CPLD CPU does not appear to be on the web any more, but a similar 12 bit CPU can be found at: http://www-student.lut.ac.uk/~elvpc/electronics/fpga/soc.html
I've added to it considerably and run it on the B3-Spartan2+ board. Note that although I have included the add on SRAM in the I/O pin-outs, it does not use the SRAM to print the message, the code should run quite happily without the SRAM module. I put the I/O interface module on connector J3 of the B3 board, but its probably better suited to J8.
Tim's computer had only ADD, NOR , STA and JCC instructions. It had a single carry bit which was set by the JCC (Jump on Carry Clear) instruction. Most microprocessor instructions can be built up using these basic instructions.
In my Micro8 design I have added an 8 bit index register and four addressing modes, Immediate, Absolute, Indexed and PC Relative and I've extended the addressing range from 6 bits or 64 bytes to 11 bits or 2K bytes. The top five bits of the opcode byte determine the operation and addressing mode. the bottom 3 bits of the opcode form the high bits of the address argument. I've also added a Zero (Z) Flag and a Negative (N) flag and corresponding conditional branches that do not change the condition codes.
Michael has taken my System68 core and has made it wishbone compliant. He is also looking to add the 6801 peripherals at location $0000 to $001F. The project is being hosted on the OpenCoresweb site. I believe he has ported it to an Altera Device.
Michael Hasenfratz also has a number of Relocating Macro Assemblers for the 68xx family. They are located at ftp://ftp.tothe.net/pubs/shareware/
http://www.opencores.org/ Open Cores Repository.
The Open Cores web site seems to be the central repository for a wide variety of computer peripheral designs and is definitely worth checking out. The Open Cores site has a link page to other resources, so I won't include them all here.
http://www.fpgacpu.org Jan Gray's Risc CPU Web Site
Jan Gray has a XR16 RISC CPU , GR000 RISC CPU and XSOC (System on a Chip). He also runs the FPGA CPU mailing list.
http://www.itee.uq.edu.au/~jwilliams/mblaze-uclinux/ John Williams MicroBlaze uCLinux Web Site.
John Williams is a Professor at the School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering at the University of Queensland. He runs quite an active mailing list for implementing uCLinux on the Xilinx MicroBlaze soft-core processor.
http://www.birdcomputer.ca/ Robert Finch's Bird Computer - FPGA Cores
Robert has a variety of CPU, video, audio, timekeeping and keyboard projects for download on his web site.
Various FPGA projects for the hobbyist. Includes information for connecting devices such as LCD Displays and R/C Servos to FPGAs.
http://www.retromicro.com Doug Hodson's Web Page
Doug has implemented a few projects using the XESS XSA100 FPGA Board. Doug's project page has some examples of VGA video generators. The XSA is quite a nice little board with Flash memory and Dynamic RAM, although the XSA100 uses a smaller FPGA and access to static RAM conflicts with some of the I/O pins. The XSA100 uses a XC2S100 FPGA and can be purchased with the XStend prototyping motherboard. For more details check out http://www.xess.com . They have all the manuals on their web site. The XESS documentation is quite good.
MikeJ's complete PACMAN, Space Invaders, and Galaxians in FPGA !
http://members.iinet.net.au/~msmcdoug/ Mark's Perpetually WIP Home page
Mark's Vic20, ZX81 and Arcade game web page. (Also includes some work on the CoCo).
http://www.geocities.com/gary_l_becker/ Gary's OSI-APPLE-SOC
OSI-SOC is a project to build an enhanced Ohio Scientific Inc Superboard / C1P System On a Chip using a Xilinx FPGA (XC3S1000 Spartan 3 Starter Board). OSI-APPLE-SOC adds an Apple ][e on the same FPGA.
http://www.geocities.com/gary_L_becker/coco3fpga.html CoCo3 FPGA
Gary's CoCo3 on an FPGA.
Randy Thelen has a good User Constraint File generator amongst his FPGA bits and pieces.
The Dalton Project at the University of California Computer Science Dept in Riversdale have an Intel 8051 core. There is a synopsis model as well as C++ simulator for the 8051.
The Department of Electronic Technology at the University of Valladolid in Spain have an Open DSP design which can be found on their web site.
University of Hamburg VHDL Page. Assorted VHDL tools and microprocessor cores.
Daniel Wallner's Soft Cores Web site is now on Open Cores with five synthesizable microprocessor cores: PPX16 (PIC16C55, PIC16F84), T80 (Z80), T51 (8051), T65 (6502) and AX8 (90S1200, 90S2313).
K Ring Technologies Semiconductor Indi16 16n bit Forth CPU. Designed for Altera Quartus II software.
Green Mountains Computing Systems have a MC68HC11 VHDL core as well as VHDL tools and simulators. I tried compiling this core under the Xilinx ISE 4.1 Webpack software and it used 200% of the XC2S200 resource, so it is not an efficient design. Later versions of Xilinx ISE Webpack may be more efficient.
Chuck McManis has put up a web site with a list of his projects for the B3-SPARTAN2+ board.
For some fun, projects on the net, using Z80 cpus implemented completely in the FPGA. Daniel Wallner's computers using FPGA T80 cores .
Pat's Open Source Depot. Although there are no FPGA projects listed, Pat used to run a small mailing list for Hobby Computer designers. The mailing list included a small group of people interested in designing with the 6809 and the Burch ED Spartan FPGA boards.
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